Cerium oxide is a widely utilized material in diverse applications. Its exceptional chemical and physical properties lend to its adaptability. For instance, cerium oxide is widely used in catalytic converters to reduce harmful emissions from vehicles. Furthermore, it finds use in the creation of ceramics due to its high refractive index and opacity

As the world moves toward clean energy sources, the demand for high-performance batteries is skyrocketing. This requires the development of next-generation battery materials that are not only more potent but also green. Researchers are actively exploring a variety of innovative materials, including sodium-ion batteries, to tackle these challenges a